Abandoned Villages as a Factor in the Northward Expansion of the European Bison (Bison bonasus)
https://doi.org/10.21443/3034-1434-2025-3-4-94-103
Abstract
Most refuges of the European bison (Bison bonasus) are surrounded by developed areas with high human population density, which makes bison dispersal difficult or even impossible. However, the northernmost population of the species is an exception. It was established in 1991 in the Vologda Oblast, north of the bison’s historical range. This population is in good condition and continues to grow. One of the key factors behind this success is the presence of abandoned villages and the surrounding abandoned farmlands. These are — as provide suitable pastures for the bison — landscapes similar to those found further south. With ongoing rural depopulation, further increases in the numbers and range of the European bison in the North can be expected.
About the Authors
Igor Yu. PopovRussian Federation
Igor Yu. Popov — Dr. Sci. (Biology), Senior Researcher, Department of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Biology
Researcher ID: I-4096-2013
Scopus ID: 55427914900
RSCI ID: 76218
Tel.: +7 (911) 736-84-02
199034, St. Petersburg, Universitetskaya Embankment, 7/9
Igor V. Gusarov
Russian Federation
Igor V. Gusarov — Cand. Sci. (Biology), Leading Researcher, Departmental Head, Department for Feed and Nutrition of Farm Animals
Scopus ID: 57209507083
RSCI ID: 166882
Tel.: +7 (911) 502-85-70
160555, Vologda, Molochnoe, Lenina str., 14
References
1. Plumb G., Kowalczyk R., Hernandez-Blanco J.A. Bison bonasus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species [dataset]; 2020, e.T2814A45156279. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T2814A45156279.en (accessed 31 October 2025)
2. European bison in the Russian North. Russian North [internet]. 2025;(4). Available at: https://rsever.ru/chitajte/zubryi-na-russkom-severe. (accessed 31 October 2025). (In Russ.).
3. The official portal of the Vologda region [internet]. Available at: https://vologda-oblast.ru/ (accessed 31 October 2025). (In Russ.).
4. Rumyancev I.N., Smirnova A.A., Tkachenko A.A. Rural settlements “without population” as a geographical and statistical phenomenon. Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta. Seria 5, Geografia = Moscow University Bulletin. Series 5, Geography. 2019;(1):29–37. (In Russ.).
5. Denisova L.N. Disappearing village in Russia: Nonblack Soil Zone in 1960–1980s. Moscow: IRI Publishing Center; 1996. (In Russ.).
6. Zhang Y., Li X., Shi T., Li H., Zhai L. Understanding cropland abandonment from economics within a representative village and its empirical analysis in Chinese mountainous areas. Land Use Policy. 2023;133:106876. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2023.106876
7. Muñoz-Rios L.A., Vargas-Villegas J., Suarez A. Local perceptions about rural abandonment drivers in the Colombian coffee region: Insights from the city of Manizales. Land Use Policy. 2020;91:104361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2019.104361
8. Plieninger T., Hui C., Gaertner M., Huntsinger L. The impact of land abandonment on species richness and abundance in the Mediterranean Basin: a meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2014;9(5):e98355. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0098355
9. Wang L., Pedersen P.B.M., Svenning J.C. Rewilding abandoned farmland has greater sustainability benefits than afforestation. Npj Biodiversity. 2023;2(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s44185-022-00009-9
10. Perzanowski K., Klich D., Olech W. European union needs urgent strategy for the European bison. Conservation Letters, 2022;15(6):e12923. https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12923
11. Pucek Z., Belousova I.P. European Bison. Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan. IUCN, World Conservation Union; 2004.
12. Bramorska B., Kowalczyk R., Kaminski ´ T., Borowik T. Linking winter severity to space use of European bison around feeding sites in Białowieza ˙ Primeval Forest (NE Poland). European Journal Wildlife Research. 2023;69(4):66. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10344-023-01690-2
13. Gusarov I.V. Bison acclimatization in the Vologda region. In: Actual problems of production and processing of agricultural products: collection of scientific papers by young scientists and post-graduate students. Vologda, Molochnoye: Vologda State Dairy Academy named after N.V. Vereshchagin; 1998, pp. 42–44.
14. Prozorov A.A., Gusarov I.V. Bison acclimatization in the Vologda region. In: Animal husbandry in the European North: fundamental problems and development prospects: tez. dokl. International Conference Barents Euro-Arctic region, Petrozavodsk, October 01-03, 1996. Petrozavodsk: Petrozavodsk State University; 1996, pp. 111–113.
15. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Species Status Assessment Report for the Wood Bison (Bison bison athabascae). Anchorage, Alaska: Southern Alaska Fish and Wildlife Field Office; 2021.
16. Bath A.J., Engel M.T., van der Marel R.C., Kuhn T.S., Jung T.S. Comparative views of the public, hunters, and wildlife managers on the management of reintroduced bison (Bison bison). Global Ecology and Conservation. 2022;34:e02015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02015
17. Popov I., Smolina D., Gusarov I. Prospects for the dispersion of European bison, Bison bonasus, in the North. Journal for Nature Conservation. 2024;82:126711. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnc.2024.126711
18. Popov I. Recent enrichment of megafauna in the north of Eurasia supports the concept of Pleistocene rewilding. Wildlife biology. 2024;2025(3):e01334. https://doi.org/10.1002/wlb3.01334
19. Yashina O.V. Features of the distribution of the primitive bison Bison priscus Bojanus, 1827 in the Vologda region. In: Kvarter–2005: Proceedings of the IV All-Russian Meetings on the study of the Quaternary period (Syktyvkar, Aug 23-26, 2005). Syktyvkar: Geoprint; 2005, pp. 482–484.
Review
For citations:
Popov I.Yu., Gusarov I.V. Abandoned Villages as a Factor in the Northward Expansion of the European Bison (Bison bonasus). Arctic and Innovations. 2025;3(4):94-103. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.21443/3034-1434-2025-3-4-94-103






