Modern methods for geodetic work at hydrological observation stations

Abstract

This study evaluates the applicability and accuracy of satellite geodetic techniques (RTK and GNSS static surveys) in comparison with conventional сlass IV leveling at hydrological stations. Using Hydrological Station No. 72055 (Okhta River) as a case study, we demonstrate that satellite-based measurements may exhibit lower accuracy than leveling—particularly in urbanized and forested areas, where elevation deviations can reach 0.426 m. However, in the Arctic, where the geodetic reference network is degraded, GNSS methods can be employed given sufficient open-sky visibility. The findings emphasize the importance of selecting measurement techniques based on landscape constraints and accuracy requirements.