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History of the term “Arctic” in Russian literature and documents

https://doi.org/10.21443/3034-1434-2025-3-3-6-17

Abstract

The author investigates the evolution of the term “Arctic” in Russian literature and documents. The term first appeared in 1924 in a research article and later, in 1928, in the title of a monograph by L.L. Breitfus, a famous researcher. In 1902–1908, L.L. Breitfus headed a  Murmansk scientific and fishing expedition. At the state level, the term appeared in the documents of 1928, when the Arctic Commission was established.

About the Author

Oleg Yu. Korneev
Naval Corps of Peter the Great, Military Scientific-Education Center of the Navy
Russian Federation

Oleg Yu. Korneev — Honored Worker of the Higher School of the Russian Federation, Dr. Sci. (Engineering), Prof., Senior Researcher

199162, Saint Petersburg, Nab. Lieutenant Schmidt, 17

Author ID: 703900

Tel.: +7 (904) 604-21-51



References

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2. RGIA. F. 1622. Op. 1. Unit. 294. Witte S.Yu. (1849–1915). (In Russ.).

3. Krasnikova O.A. The Polar Commission of the Academy of Sciences (1914–1936). In: The Commission of the Academy of Sciences in the 18th–20th Centuries: Historical Essays. St. Petersburg: Nestor-Istoriya Publ.; 2013, pp. 383–449. (In Russ.).

4. RGA of the Navy. F. R-180. Op. 1. Ed. hr. 7. L. 1–6. (In Russ.).

5. CGANTD SPb. F. 369. Op. 1-1. D. 1. (In Russ.).

6. On the declaration of lands and islands as the territory of the USSR located in the Arctic Ocean: Resolution of the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR dated 04/15/1926. Collection of Legislation of the USSR. 1926;(32): Art. 203. (In Russ.).

7. Barrow J. A chronological history of voyages into the Arctic regions; undertaken chiefly for the purpose of discovering a north-east, north-west, or polar passage between the Atlantic and Pacific. London: John Murray; 1818. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.6240

8. Dyakonov M.A. Travels to the Polar Regions. Leningrad: Publishing House of the All-Union Arctic Institute; 1933. (In Russ.).

9. Transehe N.A. The Siberian Sea Road: The Work of the Russian Hydrographical Expedition to the Arctic 1910–1915. Geographical Review. 1925;15(3):367–398. https://doi.org/10.2307/208561

10. Pinchenson D.M. The Problem of the Northern Sea Route in the Era of Capitalism. Leningrad: Morskoi Transport Publ.; 1969. (In Russ.).

11. Evgenov N.I. To the Upcoming Flights in the Arctic. Meteorological Bulletin. 1928;(4):110– 114. (In Russ.).

12. Korneev O.Yu. The North Atlantic, the North Pole, and the Hydrographic Expedition of the Northern Fleet. Little-Known Facts. Moscow: Izdatel’skie resheniya Publ.; 2022. (In Russ.).

13. Lomonosov M.V. Approximate Instructions for Naval Commanding Officers Going to Search for a Way to the East by the Northern Siberian Ocean. In: Works on Russian History, Social and Economic Issues, and Geography (1747–1765). Vol. 6. Moscow, Leningrad: USSR Academy of Sciences Publishing House; 1952, pp. 519–538. (In Russ.).

14. Shchetnikov A.I. (trans.). Geminus. Introduction to Phenomena. Scholae. Ancient Philosophy and the Classical Tradition. 2011;5(2):174–233. https://classics.nsu.ru/schole/5/5-2-gemin.pdf. (In Russ.).

15. Breitfus L.L. The Arctic region. Its nature, objectives and goals of study: with drawings, maps and a table of the main stages of the conquest of the Arctic. Leningrad: Aeroarctic Publishing House, type. Hydrographic Directorate of the Red Army Naval Forces Directorate; 1928. (In Russ.).

16. Schrader T.A. Polar explorer L. Breitfuss. Q: Germans in Russia. Problems of Cultural Interaction: Collection of Articles. St. Petersburg: Dmitry Bulanin; 1998, pp. 293–297. (In Russ.).

17. Maksimova O.D. The Activities of the Council of People’s Commissars of the USSR in Organizing the Participation of a Delegation of Soviet Scientists in the First Plenum of the International Society for the Exploration of the Arctic by Airship (Aeroarctic) and Some of Its Results. International Law and International Organizations. 2021;(4):53–62. (In Russ.).

18. GARF. F. 5446. Op. 37. D. No. 48. (In Russ.).

19. TsGANTD. F. R-369. Op. 11. D. No. 45. (In Russ.).

20. Breitfus L.L. Captain Bruks’s project of Transarctic aeronautics from Europe to the countries lying south of the Bering Strait, as well as the organization of a hydrometeorological service in Northern Russia and Siberia using an airship. Nature. 1924;(7–12):71–88. https:// sergeyhry.narod.ru/priroda/priroda1924_07_12_05.htm. (In Russ.).

21. Breitfus L.L. On the delineation of the northern polar region. Morskoi sbornik. 1927;(1):3–13. (In Russ.).

22. On Strengthening Research Activities in the Arctic Territories of the USSR: Resolution of the Council of People’s Commissars of the USSR dated July 31, 1928. Collection of Laws of the USSR. 1928;(52): Art. 464. (In Russ.).

23. Central State Archive of Scientific and Technical Documentation of St. Petersburg. F. 369. Op. 1–1. D. 48. L. 1. (In Russ.).

24. Tolmachev A.I. The Polar Commission of the USSR Academy of Sciences. The Soviet North. 1930;(1):137–140. (In Russ.).

25. Vize V.Yu., Samoilovich R.L. (eds). Arctica. Book 1. Leningrad: All-Union Arctic Institute; 1933. (In Russ.).

26. TsPAIML. F.17. Op. 3. D. 949. L. 72–81. (In Russ.).

27. Resolution of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR on the unified geographical names of the parts of the Arctic Ocean adjacent to the coast of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Soviet Arctic. 1935;(3):92–93. (In Russ.).

28. Collection of Laws and Regulations of the Workers’ and Peasants’ Government of the RSFSR for 1936, No. 1–23. Moscow: GIZ Soviet Legislation; 1936, pp. 42–43. (In Russ.).

29. The Soviet Arctic Magazine. Leningrad: Published by Glavsevmorput; 1935, Iss. 1, August. (In Russ.).

30. On the Land Territories of the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation: Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 296 dated May 2, 2014. Collection of Laws of the Russian Federation. 2014;(18 (Part I)): Art. 2136. (In Russ.).


Review

For citations:


Korneev O.Yu. History of the term “Arctic” in Russian literature and documents. Arctic and Innovations. 2025;3(3):6-17. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.21443/3034-1434-2025-3-3-6-17

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