The authors carry out a comprehensive analysis of anthropogenic and terrorist threats facing the Arctic region in the light of growing economic and military activities. The risks associated with the active development of the region are described, including accidents on oil and gas platforms, oil spills, accidents on ice routes and transportation of hydrocarbons in the harsh climate of the Arctic. The threats of terrorist attacks on power infrastructure, transport routes and scientific bases, including sabotage at oil and gas facilities and cyberattacks on control systems, are also being considered. Special attention is paid to the need to strengthen security and international cooperation to minimize risks and ensure the sustainable development of the region.

The article considered key aspects of the development of Arctic deposits, including the introduction of technological innovations, the impact of sanctions restrictions and geopolitical factors, as well as the prospects for import substitution. Special attention is paid to the role of digital technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), mixed, augmented and virtual reality, as well as artificial intelligence in improving the safety and efficiency of hydrocarbon production. The paper analyzes priority technological solutions in the oil and gas sector. The article highlights the need to develop domestic technologies to increase the competitiveness of Russian companies in the international arena and reduce the risks associated with the implementation of Arctic projects.

The Arctic is heating at 4 times the rate than any other region in the planet. Climate change has been so rapid that many species and the native communities that depend on them have been severely affected. Climate change adaptation must be a priority for arctic communities and can be supported by initiatives that are beneficial to both local communities and the ecosystems at risk. This paper presents a framework of conservation using sustainable business models that preserve and augment natural capital to create resilience the Arctic. This model can be used also for other regions vulnerable regions to rapid climate change. In this paper we review the actors and solutions that might be most effective on decarbonization and preservation of natural and social capital in the Arctic. Our results show that the oil and gas industry possess the technology, mechanisms and expertise to more effectively transfer capabilities from high carbon intensity to carbon sequestration activities. These mechanisms go beyond conservation, aiding energy and nutrients transfers and integrate ecology, biodiversity and community building through rural renewal and innovative business models.

This article presents the research works conducted in the marginal area of the Greenland Sea. During the research period, upwelling events, i.e., the rise of deep waters to the surface near the ice edge, were observed. Horizontal changes in water temperature were noted not only in the deep layers, but also on the surface. The water temperature near the surface under the ice field with a density of 6–7 mark was about 0.3–0.5°C higher than in ice-free areas; the salinity of the upper 30-meter layer of the marginal area was about 0.5–3.0‰ less than the salinity typical of the central part of the Greenland Sea.

The authors describe the specifics of organizing nomadic education in the North and Arctic conditions. Attention is drawn to the analysis of problems and prospects, such as the technological and methodological support of nomadic schools and kindergartens, social support for children from nomadic families, teaching personnel, licensing of educational organizations.

This study aims to analyze the demographic situation in the regions of the Far North and equivalent areas (hereinafter referred to as the regions of the Far North) for the period from 2000 to 2023 and to consider the measures taken by the Russian government to support their cultural, social, and economic development. These measures include the implementation of state programs to limit the population transfer from the Far North to other regions. The results obtained indicate the success of state programs aimed at attracting people to the regions of the Far North, evidenced by the statistics of migration growth. The problem of natural population decline remains acute in most regions, where the mortality rate exceeds the birth rate. The regions of the Far North lose approximately 15,000 people annually due to natural population decline.

This study evaluates the applicability and accuracy of satellite geodetic techniques (RTK and GNSS static surveys) in comparison with conventional сlass IV leveling at hydrological stations. Using Hydrological Station No. 72055 (Okhta River) as a case study, we demonstrate that satellite-based measurements may exhibit lower accuracy than leveling—particularly in urbanized and forested areas, where elevation deviations can reach 0.426 m. However, in the Arctic, where the geodetic reference network is degraded, GNSS methods can be employed given sufficient open-sky visibility. The findings emphasize the importance of selecting measurement techniques based on landscape constraints and accuracy requirements.

In 2021, the monograph entitled “Drifting ice hummocks and stamukhs of the Caspian Sea. The results of the study of the ice regime of the freezing northern part of the Caspian Sea in changing natural conditions” was published by Palmarium Academic Publishing. The monograph presents the results of long-term studies of the ice regime in the freezing northern part of the Caspian Sea in changing natural conditions. The book is a comprehensive scientific work covering the period from the late 20s of the twentieth century to the present.