The author investigates the evolution of the term “Arctic” in Russian literature and documents. The term first appeared in 1924 in a research article and later, in 1928, in the title of a monograph by L.L. Breitfus, a famous researcher. In 1902–1908, L.L. Breitfus headed a  Murmansk scientific and fishing expedition. At the state level, the term appeared in the documents of 1928, when the Arctic Commission was established.

This article opens a series of publications dedicated to the young people who entered the newly created Hydrographic Institute of the Northern Sea Route in 1935 and received diplomas as hydrographic engineers in 1938–1940. The first graduates of the Hydrographic Institute made a significant contribution to the study of the Arctic, fought on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War, taught at universities, and conducted research work. In literary sources, with rare exceptions, “students-interns of the Hydrographic Institute” are mentioned. The main objective of this article is to “return names”, many of which can be found today on the geographical map of the Arctic Ocean. This article presents professors and their students, as well as describes the process of studying at the Institute during first years of its operation.

Raising the living standards of elderly citizens and extending their period of active longevity are the priority directions of the Russian state social policy. Targeted programs of governmental support for the elderly in northern regions, developed within the Active Longevity national project, should take into account the results of gerontological research and regional specifics. The authors argue that the Bank of Gerontological Materials and Publications, initiated by the Gerontological Society of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 2024, will contribute to the development of research aimed at optimizing the system of comprehensive state support for the elderly in Russia’s Arctic region. The prospects of using the Bank as a nationwide digital platform in the field of Gerontology to consolidate information resources on aging and active longevity are discussed.

The author considers the philosophical and ecological foundations of preserving and improving the traditions of nature management used by peoples in the North, primarily Russia’ Northwestern Federal District. The methodological basis for preserving the heritage of cultural and economic traditions of the peoples of the North are two interrelated concepts, including the concept of noosphere developed by V.I. Vernadsky and the ecology of culture developed by D.S. Likhachev. The most significant cultural traditions of the region have three sources: Russian, as the main one, Finno-Ugric, and Western European. The development of the current culture of nature management in the North requires maximum consideration of the positive cultural traditions of the peoples residing in these regions.

The authors review the history of the Maritime Institute of the Russian State Hydrometeorological University (St. Petersburg, Russia), which was established in 2005  and headed by S.V. Lukyanov. During this period, the Institute’s specialists have implemented more than 40 research projects in the fields of applied oceanology, including engineering surveys for the design and construction of seaports in the seas of northwestern Russia. The predecessor was the Polar University, founded in 1998 and supported by grants of the “Integration” federal target program and the co-founders — the Russian State Hydrometeorological University and the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute (AARI). These activities resulted in the creation of a series of  devices, such as “Vektor”, “Priliv”, etc. (the inventor was R.A.  Balakin ) and as well as the establishment of the collective use center “Marine Technologies” together with the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. This Center served as the basis for the formation of the Interuniversity Base of Student Practice together with St. Petersburg State University and the publication of a series of textbooks (21 titles) for the study of sea ice prepared by AARI scholars. These activities were strictly consistent with the training curricula of oceanology students. Eleven training courses on the Additional Curriculum of the Polar University were created and successfully implemented. At the same time, the Maritime Institute was established exclusively for solving applied scientific problems, with the students being occasionally involved as technicians and given the opportunity to use the data obtained for their diploma projects. The results of the above activities are presented in project reports, numerous scientific publications, diploma projects, collective monographs, as well as in the dissertation works of candidates of sciences and one doctoral dissertation.

This article presents data on the consequences of climate change on the planet. The achievements of wind power both in Russia and other countries are discussed. The existing method for determination of pollutant emissions during the life cycle of wind farms is analyzed. The main provisions of a new method for determining pollutant emissions during the life cycle of wind farms based on aggregated data are presented. The developed method is applied to calculate pollutant emissions during the life cycle of an onshore wind farm located in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. The geoecological effect of using onshore wind farm as a source of electricity supply is assessed in comparison with thermal power plants running on coal, fuel oil, and natural gas.

Biogeographic zoning of the ocean has traditionally relied on  the  biotic approach, i.e., the identification of unique floral and faunal complexes by analyzing specification of taxa — families, genera, and species. In the 2000’s, American oceanologists Spalding et al. developed new principles of ocean zoning, based on a  set of natural conditions. The authors identified 12 kingdoms, 62 provinces, and 232 ecoregions or marine basins. Ecoregions are the smallest zoning units of the World Ocean with a  relatively homogeneous biota. The authors also noted the distinctive geomorphological and hydrological conditions that determine the composition and structure of marine ecosystems. Ecoregions represent specific marine basins. Detailed zoning of marine ecoregions is necessary for assessing the biodiversity, productivity, and ecological state of the seas. The article formulates the foundations of landscape-bionomic zoning of the boreal and subboreal seas using the Sea of Japan as an example.

In this study, we aim to establish the managerial decisions needed to make additive manufacturing a  sustainable mechanism for the material and technical support of Arctic oil and gas fields and to develop a set of measures ensuring its industrial scale-up by 2030. The research focuses on the Yamal and Gydan peninsulas and the Kara Sea shelf, where the transportation period is short and supply costs are at their highest. The research methodology comprises a diagnostic map of supply-chain risks; a systemdynamics simulation model to assess the impact of additive manufacturing on equipment downtime; and a mixed-integer optimization procedure to determine the optimal placement of printing capacity and the size of safety stocks. Managerial validation employs a  stakeholder matrix, the expert-assessment method, and a stage-gate control process, ensuring continuous monitoring of project maturity and timely adjustment of the investment portfolio. The conducted simulation of eight operating fields showed that shifting to a distributed print-on-demand network in combination with an electronic register of digital part models and situational monitoring reduces the average equipment downtime by 36%, the total logistics costs by 18%, and carbon-dioxide emissions by 15%. The logistics-risk index decreases from 0.42 to 0.27, while the technical readiness factor increases to 0.96. Workingcapital savings reach 24%; predictive analytics reduces unplanned purchases by 13%; and the net present value remains positive even if metal-powder prices increase by up to 30%.

The practical significance of the study is reflected in a  comprehensive action program that includes the creation of an inter-corporate consortium for sharing digital specifications, adoption of a “print-ready” standard, accreditation of powder suppliers, a two-level personnel-training system, and preferential financing for regional printing centers. The proposed measures align technological, economic, and environmental objectives, reinforce the resilience of northern infrastructure, and foster the emergence of new manufacturing clusters in the Arctic. The conclusions are supported by sensitivity analysis.